You need to learn some basics... learn to walk before you run...
The illustrated things could be images [inside a component] or faces with a textured image applied via a material.
Use Entity Info to show what kind of thing it is that you currently have selected...
Edit the 'container' component - by double-click.
Let's deal with them in turn...
Image: select it and right-click context-menu 'Export'.
This lets you save the Image as an external file with the same name...
Material: select a face using the material.
Open the Material Browser dialog.
Open its Model-tab [little house icon].
Select the material.
Select the Edit-tab.
That will show the material's image file near the bottom of the dialog.
There's an icon to the right of it's name, to allow you to edit the texture's image file.***
Once you have opened it you can do a Save_As in another format or location if needed...
***Note you must have an Default-Image-Editor set in your Sketchup Preferences dialog's 'Applications' tab - typically this will be Gimp or Photoshop... Do that before editing the texture, so it exports and then opens for you...
Edit the PNG image as described before to make the background transparent...
Use that edited image-file as a replacement Image under Import... or as a replacement texture-image file under the material's Edit...