UK timber is specified in mm sizes rather than inches, length is in metres and increment by 0.3m - so 1.8m,2.1m,2.4m,2.7m,3m,3.6m,4.2m,4.5m,etc ~= 6',7',8',9',10',12',14',15',etc. 25mm ~= 1" and nominal timber sizes go in steps of 25mm - e.g. 175mm x 50mm ~= 7" x 2" - with smaller sections tending to mimic the old 'near part of an inch sizes' - e.g. 6,12,19,25,32,38,44,50,63,75mm... So as has been said a simple conversion is pretty easy, BUT the timber you get delivered isn't quite so simple... Some timber yards supply European and N American stuff that can be mixed sizes and then...
A piece of carcassing or "rough sawn" softwood - that would used for fencing etc - at 175 x 50 will vary by several mm, piece to piece. Timber can be got 'regularised' on two opposing or on all edges, so 175 x 50 would be say 169-170 x 44-45 as ~3mm is machined off each face - it varies: also if a piece is ripped from a larger one the saw-cut width is also lost, so half of 200x50 is not 100x50 but more like 98x50, which is then perhaps regularised down again tp 92x44 !
Wrot/Wrought or "Planed" timber is similar in size to regularised - with say 3mm off each planed face: PAR = Planed All Round. If you want PAR timber you specify its finished size and it's then made from a larger piece machined down to that - so you can get 100x50 PAR BUT it'll be made from a piece perhaps originally 125x63 (or a ripped half from 225 > 110 > 100 PAR). This makes it a bit more expensive as you are throwing away quite a bit of wood. If you want something PAR that's "around" 100 x 50mm BUT you can live with 94 x 44mm then specify that size PAR, since the wood you are going to make it from is less and will cost perhaps 20% more for a few extra mm... If it's only a few pieces then perhaps it's OK, but if it's dozens of linear metres it adds up. The 'old' way was to specify planed timber as 'EX' so "Ex 100x50mm" - and you'd expect it to arrive a bit smaller, but exactly by how much would have been planed off was a lottery: you'd assume 3mm per face BUT could be 2 to 4mm ! Many companies still use 'EX' in plane timber descriptions, BUT with modern planing machines it's easy to be specific for what size you will get delivered - especially if the bits are fitting together without further planing or working, and the finished size might then be quite critical.
Note that base sizes of Softwood - Deal, Pine etc, will also differ from Hardwood - Oak, Beech etc...
Try this site to see what's available:
http://www.southbucksestates.co.uk/index.html
The 'Shop' link has lots of interesting sub-links with pictures and sizes...