There are several threads about this issue on the official Trimble forum. Seems like you have to temporary disable your WindowsDefender to 'fix' this. Some strange technical thingie I can't reproduce.
Unable to update Sketchup 2023 due to a MD5 checksum issue
Tried to update SU 2023 from version 23.0.367 Win 64-bit to 23.0.397 Win 64-bit on a Windows 10 machine. Install failed because MD5 checksum failed, and Windows Defender stop the process. Iโm the only one?
SketchUp Community (forums.sketchup.com)