I don't know why it stopped working. It is possible that Apple changed something in releases of OS X since I wrote my qlgenerator or that subsequent versions of SketchUp associate the skp files with a different system id. There was so little interest expressed at the time that I haven't bothered to maintain it. I've since moved on to macOS 10.13.2, which might also behave differently than your OS. Plus, SketchUp 2018 comes with its own new qlgenerator, which eliminates the need for mine going forward. That said, you could try the ideas below to investigate.
You are using the wrong pattern in grep to search the return from qlmanage. Try qlmanage -m | grep Ske instead and you should see what is handling SketchUp files. If my qlgenerator is correctly installed, you should see entries for dyn.ah62d4rv4ge81g45u and com.sketchup. I had to use these because at the time SketchUp itself wasn't registering anything. The icons will take effect only after you save a file while the plugin is installed, as the plugin is what creates the image used by the icon.
It's been long enough I may have forgotten, but I don't think qlgenerators can be run standalone from the Terminal. They hook into a calling chain where they are fed a file and return an image handle, which doesn't make sense standalone.
You might also check for a folder named .QL_SketchUp in your home folder (things starting with . are hidden by default - in terminal you need to use ls -a to see them). It should exist, be writable, and should contain an image for each skp you have saved since the plugin was installed.
Check your system's log files to see whether you can find anything about quick look errors. Because OS X creates vast numbers of log messages about things that will mean nothing to you, this is somewhat like looking for a needle in a haystack but if you find something it might provide a clue about why it is no longer working.