Ok, sorry this took so long. I figured out my problem finally!
My problem was that I was moving the 10* rectangle to my cylinder and lining up one of the faces to the face of my cylinder. Problem was that at 10*, the geometry didn't line up with the now oblong face perfectly. After zooming way, way, way in I was able to see where things didn't line up.
I fixed it by instead picking a random point of the rectangle to intersect with my cylinder. I still had problems with being able to delete the interior hole face so it was hollow as it was originally, but through sheer determination(frustration) and considerable random clickings I finally managed to somehow have it work out.
I really should do some reading and figure out some keyboard shortcuts. Clicking back and forth a million times is a pain!
Thanks for the help and suggestions! I'm trying to get this part 3d printed to save some car interior plastic panels that the standoffs have long since snapped off of.
edit: I've been messing with this so much I honestly don't know what I did to fix it. I thought it was what I just typed out but looking back at the pics I posted in the first place, that wasn't the case.
Only other thing I changed was instead of making my cylinder finished height (2"), I made it taller than needed and just intersected it at 2" instead. Come to think of it, that's probably what did it?