I've been investigating this further and have found that the problem can be reliably reproduced.
I have submitted this to the Google forum at http://www.google.com/support/forum/p/sketchup/thread?tid=6b0a0298daee1261&hl=en
At the above link I have posted links to SU files that can reproduce the error, as well as a YouTube video showing the bug in action.
The work-around in my case seems to be to ensure that the component is in "edit" before using Project Photo (when using match photo).
Hope this helps some others