How to debug?

Pixero

And if you get really stuck as what is going wrong, turning on tracing can be invaluable. That is logging every single call made - it will slow down your script execution to a crawl, so only turn on when needed.

(This is a single line of code)

set_trace_func proc { |event, file, line, id, binding, classname| File.open("mylogfile","a+") {|fp| fp.write "%8s %s:%-2d %10s %8s\n" % [event, file, line, id, classname]}}

From where you put this line onward, every call is logged - so choose a spot when your script does something useful.

Ah, you seem to have read my mind.
I was about to ask something along this line but didn't quite know how to express what I was after.

Is there no way of ending it if you want to check something in the middle of a script?

thomthom

Good one Adam.
Jim - one for your Ruby Console plug?

thomthom

And under Windows you have this snippet to output the data to debuggers like DebugView:
http://forums.sketchucation.com/viewtopic.php?f=180&t=31216&p=274668#p274467

Jim

If you want to trace specific functions, you can output the caller.

Also, special variables exist for the file and line #:

puts "line no. #{ __LINE__ }" puts "File: #{ __FILE__ }"

But these are less useful in scrambled plugins.

Dan Rathbun

@jim said:

Because of Ruby's weak typing, the cause of many errors can be detected by simple type checking.

fail unless face.is_a? Sketchup::Face

No output required, so no need to go through later and remove them later unless it's inside a critical loop.

assuming your code is namespaced wrapped (within a module or a class,) what I do is declare local boolean constants like TRACE, DEBUG, POPUP and use them to conditionally execute or not, certain debug statements.

To use Jim's example:
fail unless face.is_a?(Sketchup::Face) && TYPECHECK
where TYPECHECK would be a local boolean constant.
EDIT: actually the code would run faster like:
fail unless TYPECHECK && face.is_a?(Sketchup::Face)

Often I use POPUPS to control debug messagebox calls from inside one of my methods:
UI.messagebox(%[MyModule method:'widget'\n\nArgs:\n#{args.join("\n")}]) if POPUPS
that way I can turn on and off my debug popup dialogs at the top of a module declaration.

Jim

Because of Ruby's weak typing, the cause of many errors can be detected by simple type checking.

fail unless face.is_a? Sketchup::Face

No output required, so less of a need to go through later and remove them unless it's inside a critical loop.

Dan Rathbun

@pixero said:

@adamb said:

And if you get really stuck as what is going wrong, turning on tracing can be invaluable.
set_trace_func proc { |event, file, line, id, binding, classname| File.open("mylogfile","a+") {|fp| fp.write "%8s %s:%-2d %10s %8s\n" % [event, file, line, id, classname]}}

From where you put this line onward, every call is logged - so choose a spot when your script does something useful.

Is there no way of ending it if you want to check something in the middle of a script?

Yes there is.
set_trace_func(nil)

This method is actually defined in the Kernel module, which is mixed-in to Object class, and therefore inherited by all other clases and modules.
So for it's reference, see Kernel.set_trace_func in the Ruby Core Reference (CHM.)

One reason Adam's example is slow, is that it has to open the logfile, write a line to it, then close the file for safety, in case of an exception.

HOWEVER.. the block can be any Ruby code. If you are only interested in certain events such as a call to a ruby method, then you can test for that using an if clause, and ignore all other events, so as to speed up tracing.

<span class="syntaxdefault">def start_logging</span><span class="syntaxkeyword">(</span><span class="syntaxdefault">stopclass</span><span class="syntaxkeyword">=</span><span class="syntaxstring">''</span><span class="syntaxkeyword">,</span><span class="syntaxdefault">stopmethod</span><span class="syntaxkeyword">=</span><span class="syntaxstring">''</span><span class="syntaxkeyword">)<br /></span><span class="syntaxdefault">  set_trace_func proc </span><span class="syntaxkeyword">{</span><span class="syntaxdefault"> </span><span class="syntaxkeyword">|</span><span class="syntaxdefault">event</span><span class="syntaxkeyword">,</span><span class="syntaxdefault"> file</span><span class="syntaxkeyword">,</span><span class="syntaxdefault"> line</span><span class="syntaxkeyword">,</span><span class="syntaxdefault"> id</span><span class="syntaxkeyword">,</span><span class="syntaxdefault"> binding</span><span class="syntaxkeyword">,</span><span class="syntaxdefault"> classname</span><span class="syntaxkeyword">|<br /></span><span class="syntaxdefault">    if event</span><span class="syntaxkeyword">.</span><span class="syntaxdefault">to_s</span><span class="syntaxkeyword">==</span><span class="syntaxstring">'call'<br /></span><span class="syntaxdefault">      File</span><span class="syntaxkeyword">.</span><span class="syntaxdefault">open</span><span class="syntaxkeyword">(</span><span class="syntaxstring">"mylogfile"</span><span class="syntaxkeyword">,</span><span class="syntaxstring">"a+"</span><span class="syntaxkeyword">)</span><span class="syntaxdefault"> </span><span class="syntaxkeyword">{|</span><span class="syntaxdefault">fp</span><span class="syntaxkeyword">|<br /></span><span class="syntaxdefault">        fp</span><span class="syntaxkeyword">.</span><span class="syntaxdefault">write </span><span class="syntaxstring">"%8s %s;%-2d %10s %8s\n"</span><span class="syntaxdefault"> </span><span class="syntaxkeyword">%</span><span class="syntaxdefault"> </span><span class="syntaxkeyword">[</span><span class="syntaxdefault">event</span><span class="syntaxkeyword">,</span><span class="syntaxdefault"> file</span><span class="syntaxkeyword">,</span><span class="syntaxdefault"> line</span><span class="syntaxkeyword">,</span><span class="syntaxdefault"> id</span><span class="syntaxkeyword">,</span><span class="syntaxdefault"> classname</span><span class="syntaxkeyword">]<br /></span><span class="syntaxdefault">      </span><span class="syntaxkeyword">}<br /></span><span class="syntaxdefault">      </span><span class="syntaxcomment"># stop logging if it was stopclass and stopmethod<br /></span><span class="syntaxdefault">      stop_logging if classname</span><span class="syntaxkeyword">.</span><span class="syntaxdefault">to_s</span><span class="syntaxkeyword">==</span><span class="syntaxdefault">stopclass</span><span class="syntaxkeyword">.</span><span class="syntaxdefault">to_s </span><span class="syntaxkeyword">&&</span><span class="syntaxdefault"> id</span><span class="syntaxkeyword">.</span><span class="syntaxdefault">to_s</span><span class="syntaxkeyword">==</span><span class="syntaxdefault">stopmethod</span><span class="syntaxkeyword">.</span><span class="syntaxdefault">to_s<br />    end<br />  </span><span class="syntaxkeyword">}<br /></span><span class="syntaxdefault">end<br /><br />def stop_logging<br />  set_trace_func</span><span class="syntaxkeyword">(</span><span class="syntaxdefault">nil</span><span class="syntaxkeyword">)<br /></span><span class="syntaxdefault">end</span>

example only

P.S. @ThomThom (in regards to another topic on overriding API methods,) this method is one of the ways you can trace a method back to the file that overrode it.

Jim

You could set an environmental variable, then enable/disable debugging based on it. By using a unique variable name, you can gurantee debugging is enabled only on the machine you are working on.

Cleverbeans

I've gotten into a few habits with debugging that I've found helpful.

Firstly, as some folks have already mentioned I break my code up into small bits as much as possible. I've got a module that around 1000 lines of code and the longest method is only 7 lines, and it was a dream to debug. It's really easy to spot what's going wrong when it's such a tiny box. Also, there is no reason to be wary of writing a method with only a single line of code in it's body if it will meaningfully capture some logic in your overall code. This way the method names become a part of your documentation, and allow you to follow the logic easily and it naturally describes the problem you're working on.

Secondly, anytime I'm going to be writing a complicated method I will generally write my tests before I write my code. This often helps me to clarify the design, build some of the documentation, and it can speed up the debugging process considerably. I will also keep my test code even if I never use it again. You'll see a lot of coders type a few quick lines in the console to test something while they're writing a method and then throw it away. I do the same thing, but I just copy/paste it into another file and hold onto it. I never end up using almost all that code, but for the few times I do when

Thirdly, I will test my code after almost every change. There is no harm in testing the method after changing just a single line of code, particularly when you're working in a scripted language like Ruby and don't have to recompile. I found that if I deferred debugging till I had "something worth running" I'd often find a chain of bugs which would obscure the real error behind the scenes. You catch a lot of little things like typos, missing brackets, type mismatches and such which are easy to quash. Also, I find it's easier to debug what I'm doing while it's fresh in my mind. If I find a semantic error in code I wrote even an hour earlier it's not fresh and I have to figure out what I was doing at that point again to see where it went wrong.

Fourthly, I avoid state data as much as possible. Anytime declare a global, class, or instance variables you open up the possibility of side effects in your code which can make debugging a nightmare. I would also tend to avoid methods with a bang over their un-banged counterparts, so I would almost always use Array.map instead of Array.map! unless I had good reason to do so. State data exists for a reason, and they're good reasons but my experience tells me they're often used without any justification other than familiarity with procedural languages like C, Basic or Pascal. It's actually possible to write every program imaginable without any state data, which may have costs in runtime, modularity, and readability but it at least gives the sense that you can in fact avoid them and if it makes your code easier to debug and maintain that's often a good trade. Also, I never make state data private or protected while writing my code. It's much easier to debug this way since you can sniff their values, and I can always go back and make them private or protected at a later time. This applies to both variables and class definitions as well.

Finally, I read my documentation when I'm debugging. If I'm coming back to a project where new features have been introduced and suddenly I've got unintended behavior it's really nice to have a clear understanding of what the codes purpose is, why I chose that particular implementation over others, and some of the bugs I'd previously squashed in the code. I really hate fixing one bug only to introduce a new bug I had previously fixed and just forgotten about by making the same mistake again. A one-liner saying "this prevents and off-by-one error in the loop that follows" can be really handy. Also, I consider variable names as documentation. It's easier to figure out what "for point in points" means when compared to "for pt in pts". I also prefer "and" to "&&" and "not" to "!" for the same reasons, and I would rather use a for...in loop to the .each method. The more expressive your code, the easier it is to debug.

Also, it can be handy to familiarize yourself with a few different types of common bugs. It's easier to detect a bug when you're getting odd behavior if that behavior resembles what you'd expect from a particular type of bug and you also begin to build up a set of techniques to track them down and fix them.

thomthom

@cleverbeans said:

Thirdly, I will test my code after almost every change. There is no harm in testing the method after changing just a single line of code, particularly when you're working in a scripted language like Ruby and don't have to recompile. I found that if I deferred debugging till I had "something worth running" I'd often find a chain of bugs which would obscure the real error behind the scenes. You catch a lot of little things like typos, missing brackets, type mismatches and such which are easy to quash. Also, I find it's easier to debug what I'm doing while it's fresh in my mind. If I find a semantic error in code I wrote even an hour earlier it's not fresh and I have to figure out what I was doing at that point again to see where it went wrong.

Yes, test often. So many times I've tripped over a bug do to a typo I made to a quick change. If I code larger chunks, the higher the likely hood of a typo bug or something silly sneaking its way in. (I'm often surprised if there is no errors after I've written a longer section of code. I begin to think that there must be something seriously wrong I haven't spotted yet.)

liquid98

I know, I'm a complete outsider in this discussion, but I have a question and an idea.

My question: In what debugging situations is it necessary to restart Sketchup?

And my idea:

A plugin that resets Sketchup to it's initial state. So you never have to restart SU or manually reload a plugin to test a script.

TIG

@liquid98 said:

I know, I'm a complete outsider in this discussion, but I have a question and an idea.

My question: In what debugging situations is it necessary to restart Sketchup?

And my idea:

A plugin that resets Sketchup to it's initial state. So you never have to restart SU or manually reload a plugin to test a script.

If your script makes menu items or toolbars you will [usually] have trapped it with file_loaded() so you don't get multiple entries... so if you change those reloading the script won't affect those... but otherwise any code changes are usually reflected in the tool's operation without a need to restart if you use load "myscript.rb"....... if you tool has decent start/commit blocks to undo what it's just done [incorrectly] you rarely need to restart Sketchup after tweaking your code...

thomthom

@liquid98 said:

My question: In what debugging situations is it necessary to restart Sketchup?

In additions to what TIG mentioned in regard to menus, you might want to restart after doing some major refactoring where you might have renamed methods etc. You might still be calling the old method.
And there might be things your plugin has to do at startup, such as some observers. But it belong to the rare cases.

liquid98

Thanx guys,

I'm working with dynamic screen notes and dynamic tooltips, and have to restart SU all the time to get them
refreshed.. But that's not common for most plugins I suppose.

Dan Rathbun

A tooltip for a UI::Command instance object can be changed at ANY time, simply by calling the instance object's tooltip= method, with an argument that is different than what the current tooltip text is.

This means that you must make and keep available, a reference (sloppily called a variable,) to that instance object, so you can later call it's instance methods.

You can also change the status bar text and the validation proc dynamically in the same way.

tomot

Its enough to make a grown man cry! It only took me 3 hours to find the 2 letter typing error. I hope this is not age related? There was no hint of a problem in the Ruby console, Notepad++ or SciTE. Its enough to make one

if( @stud != "YES" )   
    #...get the number of joists required for the related @vec/@joc
    #...@soc = joist on center spacing 
    @num_stud=((@vec/@soc)+1).to_i 
    
    definitions=model.definitions
    count=definitions.add
    entities=count.entities
   
    #...draw 1st stud
    base=entities.add_face(@pt1, @pt3, @pt33, @pt11) 
    base=entities.add_line(@pt1, @pt33)
    base=entities.add_line(@pt3, @pt11)
    
    #...transform stud location 
    t=Geom;;Transformation.translation(Geom;;Vector3d.new(0, 0, 0))
    entities=model.active_entities
    
    entities.add_instance(count, t)
    
    #...copy studs to their new locations
    i = 1
    while i < @num_stud
       # Transformation
       i = i + 1
       vec = @pt5 - @pt6 # width between which studs are to be drawn
       vec.length = @soc*(i-1)
       t=Geom;;Transformation.translation(Geom;;Vector3d.new(0,@soc*(i-1), 0))
       t=Geom;;Transformation.translation(vec)
       entities.add_instance(count, t)
    end
end if # end if @stud

I feel better now!

Dan Rathbun

line 7: no argument for the instance method DefinitionsList.add()

tomot

@dan rathbun said:

line 7: no argument for the instance method DefinitionsList.add()

No that's not it ! ..... nice try!..... try again?

Jim

end if!

Dan Rathbun

@tomot said:

@dan rathbun said:

line 7: no argument for the instance method DefinitionsList.add()

No that's not it ! ..... nice try!..... try again?

Wow... that's strange! An empty argument creates a new definition, whose name is "Component". The API does not mention this!!!

And Jim.. got it correct... although I would think Ruby would issue a ScriptError, something like "blah blah blah...`end' expected"