I think we're talking about pretty much the same thing. As I see it, Layout is going to get the information from SketchUp in any case. Dynamic linking is critical.
What I'm proposing is that the predefined filters, or hopefully user defined filters, you mention can live in a graphic tag with linking power similar to the Label tool. I would like to decide which components are going to be made available to the schedule by labeling them rather than deleting them out of the table. I like to be able to look at the drawing to see the things I've done and find the things I've missed.
My suggestion comes from generating drawings out of Inventor and SolidWorks. After laying out your parts in an assembly drawing, you label them with an automatic balloon tool. Then you can generate a quick BOM of everything with a balloon number attached. Often you are only labeling a sub-assembly and ignoring the majority of the parts in the assembly.
AutCad also has a powerful attribute and table system. You can add hidden attributes to any block but often the most efficient thing to do is make tag blocks and copy and paste them around the drawing. You can tell the table wizard to show you only blocks with attributes, then select only those you want to put in the table.